In a landmark discovery, University of Leicester researchers have uncovered a crucial mechanism for how dietary cholesterol enters our cells, potentially revolutionizing heart disease prevention. “This breakthrough is the result of a long-lasting collaboration and forms part of an international effort to combat cardiovascular disease and stroke,” notes Professor John Schwabe, emphasizing the significance of understanding cellular cholesterol movement.
The Science Behind the Discovery

At the heart of this breakthrough lies the identification of specific proteins called Asters, particularly Aster-B and Aster-C. These proteins work alongside the already-known NPC1L1 protein to facilitate cholesterol transport within cells. “This has been a great project to work on—discovering new science highly relevant to human health,” shares Dr. Beatriz Romartinez-Alonso.
Why This Matters for Public Health

Research consistently shows that managing cholesterol levels is crucial for longevity. In fact, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis demonstrated that individuals making heart-healthy lifestyle changes reduced their mortality risk by an impressive 80 percent. This new understanding of cholesterol absorption mechanisms could provide even more effective interventions.
While this research progresses, experts emphasize the importance of proactive health management. “Exercise is one of the best things you can do to help prevent dementia and other cognitive changes,” explains Dr. Argye Hillis from Johns Hopkins Medicine. Studies indicate that it’s never too late to adopt healthy habits, with the brain maintaining impressive adaptability well into advanced age.
Prevention Through Diet and Exercise

The Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats like olive oil, helps lower bad cholesterol (LDL) and increase good cholesterol (HDL). Omega-3 fatty acids from fish reduce inflammation and blood pressure, while fiber from legumes and nuts aids digestion and heart health. Avoiding processed foods high in trans fats, sugar, and sodium further protects against heart disease.
Regular physical activity is equally important. At least 150 minutes of moderate exercise weekly—such as walking, swimming, or cycling—improves circulation and strengthens the heart. Strength training and simple daily activities like gardening or taking the stairs also contribute to heart health. Combining a balanced diet with consistent movement and stress management significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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The Global Impact

This research was supported by a $6 million grant from the Leducq Foundation, demonstrating the international commitment to addressing cardiovascular disease. Laboratory studies showed that mice lacking Aster proteins demonstrated reduced cholesterol absorption, suggesting promising therapeutic possibilities. These findings indicate that targeting Aster proteins could lead to new treatments aimed at lowering cholesterol levels in humans. Further studies are needed to determine how modifying these proteins could be safely and effectively applied in medical practice. Researchers are now exploring whether existing cholesterol-lowering drugs could be enhanced or combined with therapies targeting Aster proteins for greater cardiovascular protection.
New Treatment Horizons

Professor Schwabe reflects, “If we can prevent some cholesterol from being absorbed into our cells, we may ultimately prevent high cholesterol and reduce risks of heart attacks and strokes.” The discovery opens new avenues for drug development, potentially complementing existing treatments like Ezetimibe. By targeting Aster proteins, researchers hope to develop medications that can work alongside statins and other cholesterol-lowering drugs to provide a more comprehensive approach to cardiovascular health. This could be particularly beneficial for individuals who struggle with high cholesterol despite dietary changes and existing treatments. Additionally, understanding the role of Aster proteins may help identify individuals who are genetically predisposed to cholesterol-related conditions, leading to more personalized and effective prevention strategies.
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Taking Action Now

While research continues, experts emphasize the importance of proactive health management. Regular medical check-ups, stress management through activities like yoga or journaling, and maintaining social connections are all vital components of a heart-healthy lifestyle. As Dr. Hillis notes, these changes benefit not just heart health but overall cognitive function and longevity. The discovery represents a significant step forward in our understanding of cholesterol metabolism and its impact on cardiovascular health.